Northern highlands

The Northern Highlands of Burundi are a critical and historic coffee-producing area, forming part of the country’s famed high-quality Arabica coffee belt. These highlands stretch across the northern provinces, including Kayanza, Ngozi, and Kirundo, and are characterized by steep slopes, volcanic soils, and high elevations ranging from 1,400 to 2,200 meters above sea level. The combination of fertile soils, cool temperatures, and well-distributed rainfall creates optimal conditions for specialty Arabica coffee cultivation.

Coffee in the Northern Highlands is predominantly grown by smallholder farmers on plots often intercropped with bananas, beans, or other subsistence crops. This traditional system not only provides shade and supports soil health but also enhances food security for farming households. The coffee produced here is mainly washed Arabica, and it is highly prized internationally for its bright acidity, medium to full body, and complex flavor notes—often including citrus, red berries, floral undertones, and chocolatey sweetness.

Historically, the Northern Highlands have been the backbone of Burundi’s coffee sector. The region’s coffee cooperatives and washing stations play a vital role in maintaining quality and facilitating exports. Despite challenges such as climate variability, soil erosion on steep slopes, aging coffee trees, and limited access to modern farming inputs, the region continues to produce some of Burundi’s finest coffees. Ongoing efforts in quality-focused training, sustainable farming practices, replanting programs, and cooperative strengthening are helping farmers preserve and enhance the reputation of Northern Highlands coffee in specialty markets worldwide.

The Northern Highlands remain central not only to Burundi’s coffee economy but also to rural livelihoods, cultural identity, and the country’s position in the global specialty coffee landscape.