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Gagnoa is one of the most important agricultural centers in west-central Côte d’Ivoire and has long been a key zone for coffee and cocoa cultivation. Located in the heart of the country’s former forest belt, Gagnoa played a major role in Côte d’Ivoire’s rise as a leading coffee producer during the mid-20th century.
The area benefits from a humid tropical climate with annual rainfall of about 1,400–1,800 mm, consistently warm temperatures, and deep, fertile forest soils rich in organic matter. Elevations generally range from 150–400 meters, conditions that are highly favorable for Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), the dominant coffee type grown in Gagnoa. The region’s ecology supports strong vegetative growth and reliable yields under shaded systems.
Coffee production in Gagnoa is dominated by smallholder farmers, often cultivating coffee alongside cocoa, plantain, cassava, and food crops. Traditional agroforestry systems with shade trees are common, helping to regulate temperature, conserve moisture, and maintain soil health. Harvesting is manual, and post-harvest handling mainly involves dry processing, which is typical for Robusta in Côte d’Ivoire.
In recent decades, coffee cultivation in Gagnoa has declined due to aging plantations, fluctuating coffee prices, labor constraints, and the expansion of cocoa, which offers higher and more stable returns. Nevertheless, Gagnoa remains a historically significant coffee-growing zone, and with plantation rehabilitation, improved Robusta varieties, and renewed market support, coffee continues to be an important component of livelihoods in the region.